GaryGaulin Posts: 5385 Joined: Oct. 2012

(Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2015,10:29    Quote (Jim_Wynne @ Nov. 01 2015,10:19)   Quote (GaryGaulin @ Nov. 01 2015,09:45)   Quote (Jim_Wynne @ Nov. 01 2015,09:30)     Quote (GaryGaulin @ Nov. 01 2015,08:05) Cognitive based origin theory easily enough puts "intelligent cause" into scientific context, while eliminating the generalizations upon generalizations that can forever be fought over that explain nothing at all about how to model the multilevel process that accounts for the origin of the intelligence we are consciously aware of right now. You've claimed that your "model" and "theory" explain the origin of intelligence, but you have consistently refused to identify the origin of intelligence.  Thus your claim is that you can explain that which can't be identified.  Good work! You apparently missed this new illustration (drawing software is included with the new ID Lab) and a whole lot of other things: I didn't miss anything.  What is the origin of intelligence?  In your own words, please. My words read:   Quote Introduction – Intelligent Cause, Intelligence The theory of intelligent design holds that certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, whereby the behavior of matter powers a coexisting trinity of systematically self-similar (in each other's image, likeness) intelligent systems at the molecular, cellular and multicellular level as follows: [1] Molecular Level Intelligence: Behavior of matter causes self-assembly of molecular systems that in time become molecular level intelligence, where biological RNA and DNA memory systems learn over time by replication of their accumulated genetic knowledge through a lineage of successive offspring. This intelligence level controls basic growth and division of our cells, is a primary source of our instinctual behaviors, and causes molecular level social differentiation (i.e. speciation). [2] Cellular Level Intelligence: Molecular level intelligence is the intelligent cause of cellular level intelligence. This intelligence level controls moment to moment cellular responses such as locomotion/migration and cellular level social differentiation (i.e. neural plasticity). At our conception we were only at the cellular intelligence level. Two molecular intelligence systems (egg and sperm) which are on their own unable to self-replicate combined into a single self-replicating cell, a zygote. The zygote then divided to become a colony of cells, an embryo. Later during fetal development we made it to the multicellular intelligence level which requires a self-learning neural brain to control motor muscle movements1 (also sweat gland motor muscles). [3] Multicellular Level Intelligence: Cellular level intelligence is the intelligent cause of multicellular level intelligence. In this case a multicellular body is controlled by an intelligent neural brain expressing all three intelligence levels at once, resulting in our complex and powerful paternal (fatherly), maternal (motherly) and other behaviors. This intelligence level controls our moment to moment multicellular responses, locomotion/migration and multicellular level social differentiation (i.e. occupation). Successful designs remain in the biosphere’s interconnected collective (RNA/DNA) memory to help keep going the billions year old cycle of life, where in our case not all individuals must reproduce for the human lineage to benefit from all in society. Reciprocal cause/causation between levels goes in both the forward and reverse direction. These communicative behavioral pathways cause all of our complex intelligence related behaviors to connect back to the behavior of matter, which does not necessarily need to be intelligent to be the fundamental source of consciousness. Multicellular and cellular level individuals are born then die while the genetic molecular level lives on, by this self-replication of itself. Behavior from a system or device qualifies as intelligent by meeting all four circuit requirements for this ability, which are: [1] Something to control (a body, either real or virtual representation) with motor muscles (proteins, electric speaker, electronic write to a screen). [2] Random Access Memory (RAM) addressed by its sensory sensors where each motor action and its associated confidence value are stored as separate data elements. [3] Confidence (central hedonic) system that increments the confidence level of successful motor actions and decrements the confidence value of actions that fail. [4] Ability to guess a new memory action when associated confidence level sufficiently decreases. For flagella powered cells a random guess response (to a new heading) is designed into the motor system by the action of reversing motor direction causing it to “tumble”. At all biological intelligence levels whatever sensory the system has to work with addresses a memory that works like a random access memory chip used in a computer. It is possible to put the contents of a RAM into a Read Only Memory (ROM) but using a ROM instead of RAM takes away the system's ability to self-learn, it cannot form new memories that are needed to adapt to new environments. The result is more of a zombie that may at first appear to be a fully functional intelligence but they are missing something necessary, a RAM in the circuit, not a ROM. Behavior of matter does not need to be intelligent, a fully trained (all knowing) ROM could be used to produce atomic/molecular behavior. But a ROM would not work where intelligent behavior is needed. Unless the ROM contains all-knowing knowledge of the future and all the humans it will ever meet in its lifetime it can never recall memories of meeting them, or their name and what they look like. For machine intelligence the IBM Watson system that won at Jeopardy qualifies as intelligent. Word combinations for hypotheses were guessed then tested against memory for confidence in each being a hypothesis that is true and whether confident enough in its best answer to push a button/buzzer. The Watson platform had a speaker (for vocal muscles) and muscles guiding a pen was simulated by an electric powered writing device. For computer modeling purposes the behavior of matter can be thought of as being “all-knowing” in the sense that the behavior is inherent, does not have to learn its responses. A computer model then starts off with this behavior already in memory and has no GUESS or CONFIDENCE included in the algorithm, as does intelligence. Memory contents then never changes. Only a GUESS can write new data to memory and GUESS must here be taken out of the algorithm. But it is possible to leave the CONFIDENCE in the algorithm, it will still work the exact same way. Where this in time proves to be true for real matter it would be a valuable clue as to how consciousness works and possibly how to model it, which may in turn help answer the “big questions” including those pertaining to afterlife. We are part of a molecular learning process that keeps itself going through time by replicating previous contents of genetic memory along with good (better than random) guesses what may work better in the next replication, for our children. The resulting cladogram shows a progression of adapting designs evidenced by the fossil record where never once was there not a predecessor of similar design (which can at times lead to entirely new function) present in memory for the descendant design to have come from. The combined knowledge of all three of these intelligence levels guides spawning salmon of both sexes on long perilous migrations to where they were born and may stay to defend their nests "till death do they part". Merciless alligators will lovingly protect their well-cared-for offspring who are taught how to lure nest building birds into range by putting sticks on their head and they will scurry into the safety of her mouth when in danger. For humans this instinctual and learned knowledge has through time guided us towards marriage ceremonies to ask for "blessing" from an eternal conscious loving "spirit" existing at another level our multicellular intelligence level may sense but cannot directly experience. It is possible that one or both of the parents will later lose interest in the partnership, or they may have more offspring than they can possibly take care of, or none at all, but "for better or for worse" for such intelligence anywhere in the universe, there will nonetheless be the love we need and cherish to guide us, forever through generations of time... Unimolecular Intelligence Clues to the origin of intelligent living things are found in rudimentary molecular systems such as self-replicating RNA. Since these are single macromolecules that can self-learn they are more precisely examples of “Unimolecular Intelligence”, as opposed to “Molecular Intelligence”, which may contain millions of molecules all working together as one. REQUIREMENT #1 of 4 - SOMETHING TO CONTROL The catalytic (chemically reacts with other molecules without itself changing to a new molecular species) ability of ribonucleotide (A,G,C,U) bases combine to form useful molecular machinery. Where properly combined into strands 100 or more bases in length they become a rapidly moving molecule that can control/catalyze other molecules in their environment, and each other, including to induce each others replication. Unlike RNA that exists inside a protective cell membrane these RNA's are directly influenced by the planetary environment, which they are free to control. Modern examples include viruses that over time learned how to control the internal environment of their host to self-assemble protective shells with sensors on the outside for detecting suitable host cells to enter and control. After invading the cells other sensors detect when conditions are right to simultaneously reproduce, thereby overwhelming the immune system of their hosts, which would otherwise detect then destroy them. REQUIREMENT #2 of 4 – SENSORY ADDRESSED MEMORY The ribonucleotide sequences are a memory system that also acts as its body. On it are molecular sites, which interact with nearby molecules to produce repeatable movements/actions. Its shape can include hairpin bends that are sensitive to the chemical environment, which in turn changes the action responses of its code/memory to nearby molecules, and to each other. Their activity also changes their molecular environment, much the same way as living things have over time changed the atmosphere and chemistry of our planet. This suggests self-organization of a complex collective molecular self-learning system involving diverse molecular systems, which both compete with and sustain each other. REQUIREMENT #3 of 4 - CONFIDENCE TO GAUGE FAILURE AND SUCCESS Molecular species that can successfully coexist with others in the population and the environmental changes they cause are successful responses, which stay in the collective memory. Molecular species that fail are soon replaced by another more successful (best guess) response. The overall process must result in collective actions/reactions that efficiently use and recycle the resources available to multiple molecular species, or else there is an unsustainable chemical reaction, which ends when the reactants have consumed each other, resulting in an environmental crash. REQUIREMENT #4 of 4 - ABILITY TO TAKE A GUESS For such a rapidly replicating molecule RNA editing1 type mechanisms can become a significant source of guesses. Also, molecular affinity, which is in part measured by the hydropathy index, will favor assimilation of complimentary ribonucleotides. Where these are in limited abundance the next best fitting molecule may replace them, or cause other changes to its structure, which may work as well or better, for their descendants. This makes it possible for these complex molecules to automatically try something new, when necessary. Molecular Intelligence Molecular intelligence (a living thing, life) is emergent from naturally occurring machine-like molecules which together build and maintain cells like we together build and maintain cities. This form of intelligence is sustained by a “replication cycle” that keeps it going through time. Biologically, our thought cycles exist as a brain wave/cycle rhythm but (where physics willing) the system would still work as well by replicating itself (and stored memories) on a regular cycle, as does molecular intelligence. If our brain worked this way then it would replicate/replace itself upon every new thought we have, could this way sustain itself nearly forever. Without cellular intelligence (discussed in next section) to add moment to moment awareness molecular intelligence is at the mercy of the environment, has no way to efficiently forage for food, but they still soon enough can control the planet’s surface/atmospheric chemistry. Chromosomal subsystems may be separately modeled. The flowchart becomes: Since cells of multicellular organisms can reconfigure even eliminate parts of their genome in order to “differentiate” into many cell types only our germ cells (which produce egg/sperm) would be fully representative of the memory contents of a molecular intelligence system. With all of the memory cycles before the one that made us is included, our molecular intelligence is currently estimated to be over 3.4 billion years old. REQUIREMENT #1 of 4 - SOMETHING TO CONTROL In some bacteria and later in time plants, molecular intelligence systems could likely control the Reverse Krebs Cycle (also known as the Reverse TriCarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle), Reverse Szent-Györgyi–Krebs Cycle or Reverse/Reductive Citric Acid Cycle). This cycle is the center of cellular metabolism, consuming carbon dioxide while providing energy and molecular intermediates that are used to build amino acids and other vital biomolecules needed to sustain its growth. A dozen or so catalytic molecules form an assembly line that makes an increasing complex molecule from the molecule it started with. Upon completion of the cycle the molecule breaks in half resulting in an additional molecule required for biosynthesis, while the other half is what it started with, which can then go through the cycle all over again. At any stage through the assembly cycle one of the various molecules may be drawn by molecular forces into a nearby biosynthesis reaction. At least part of the Reverse Krebs Cycle can be catalyzed by volcanic clay/dust/mineral in sunlight making it possible that the cycle was once a common feature of planetary chemistry.2 3 Other clay/minerals are useful for the self-assembly of protocells.4 Animals cannot produce their own food and must instead consume plants and their liberated oxygen to run the cycle in the opposite direction to gain food and energy by disassembling what was previously assembled. There is here a balance between the producers (plants) and consumers (animals) which together maintain a relatively constant oxygen level in the atmosphere. Additional molecular systems which exploit these metabolic cycles could emerge in environments where the cycle already exists as an uncontrolled reaction. If true then we can here predict self-assembly of a precellular starter mechanism that metabolically produces all that is needed to produce a living genome from scratch, instead of a nonliving/nonfunctional genome first needing to establish this metabolic cycle. Where the energy to power the cycle is from sunlight, the system would have already been light sensitive, the first step toward a more complex sense of vision. Self-assembly and disassembly of cellular organelles is also easily controlled by molecular intelligence. For example, before division of complex cells the nuclear membrane must automatically self-disassemble to allow access to the chromosomes so they can be pulled by spindle fibers to opposite sides. After division of the chromosomes, internal environmental conditions change causing a nuclear membrane to automatically reassemble around each of the two sets so there are then two nuclei inside the cell. With there then being essentially two cells inside one, the outer cell membrane has two nuclei to self-assemble around which causes them to separate so each can go their separate ways. Coacervates can resemble living cells, and can appear intelligent, but they only demonstrate uncontrolled (non-intelligent) propulsion. They are not even protointelligence (where it is then at least almost intelligent). When molecularly controlled by a “cell” these forces can power spinning flagella motors and other forms of locomotion, but coacervates meet the first requirement only. We can say that coacervates are a twitching body with no brain/intelligence to control it. Microscopic coacervates5 can be made by adding red-cabbage pH indicator solution with egg yolk that provides membrane forming phospholipid molecules that form vesicles around other components of yolk. Indicator solution is made by slowly adding fresh leaves from a grocery store red-cabbage to around 1/3 pan (around twice the volume of whole head before pulling each leave) of boiling water that should just cover after leaves soften down and lose coloration. Use large basket strainer to remove liquid (can follow with finer mesh as from plastic fabric or stainless steel coffee maker basket), refrigerate. Remaining solids will eventually settle to bottom. For more pure supernatant you can later pour clear liquid into another container, or centrifuge. REQUIREMENT #2 of 4 – SENSORY ADDRESSED MEMORY In living things molecular intelligence cycles through time by continual replication of genetic Addressable Memory (chromosomes) where output actions are stored as coded genes (addressed by regulatory elements) that catalyze production of many kinds of proteins that control and maintain the cell. This memory core is always made of RNA or DNA (threadlike crystal) that can be extracted then sequenced. In a biological memory system data elements include genes that are addressed by one or more species of sensor molecules, which the gene is sensitive to. What is sensed by sensors addresses corresponding data elements that store appropriate action to be taken in response. The Data at that address is coded on the gene that gets turned into a protein molecule able to perform some Action somewhere in the cell. The Addressing turns a gene (or any data location) on or off (or analog value of throttle). Molecular streams and conveyors of different kinds inside the cell help transport sensor and data molecules to their proper destination. In 3D systems made of matter, many Data locations can be performing Data Actions and all at the same time yet there is plenty of space for Addressing and Data flow to the rest of the circuit. Duplication of existing memory is how a new memory location is often added to a DNA based RAM system. Single gene duplication is not the only way to increase information in some cases (not normally humans) it is also possible to duplicate a whole chromosome or all of them in the cell one or more times (polyploidy). Duplication of one gene (data element) adds a single functional new Data location to memory, but there can be more than one gene in each duplication event. In all cases there is a more reliable way for memory to increase in size, than random single base insertions and other additions that would just keep scrambling the information already there. When studying duplication events it becomes important to understand how genes moved to a new location in a chromosome (or to another). Where after replication the strand unwound to occupy the same chromosome territory6 it would have been duplicated to an adjacent strand that ends up in a different place after the chromosome supercoils just before separation to one of two sides of cell. The chromosome later unwinds then starts protein production again. It here important to have a 3D understanding of what the chromosome territories look like when genes are in full production inside the nucleus where there are molecular streams forming genetic circuits, which places genes that otherwise appear to be far apart in close proximity to each other. One or more genes can also be pinched out of a territory, or have other secondary function (such as recall of past experience somehow useful for producing a good-guess) even though it is not used as a protein production gene anymore. Where duplication included a change in gene coding, what produced the change becomes important. We cannot assume they are all random copy errors, where there may be a mechanism that works with experience stored in nearly all of its active and inactive genes it has in memory. One way of specifically adding a new memory at a given address is homing endonuclease genes (HEGs) that home in on a particular portion of the DNA, inactivate a gene and insert a copy of itself in the deactivated gene. This homing/addressing occurs in the sperm cells, is passed on to successive generations. Molecularly Addressed regulation sites turn genes on when they are needed, then metabolic pathway molecular feedback turns off before they start overproducing. Replicating additional genes would help it build up levels of mRNA (for manufacture of their respective protein product) faster, but not necessarily change the amount present in the cell because of production rate of each gene being controlled to only produce what is needed. There are then more than enough viable copies to replace ones that may go bad. Not producing anything useful could make it prone to being chemically switched off or eliminated by the epigenetic success gauging part of the mechanism not finding that useful to it anymore. Chromosomes arrange into a network of independently addressable areas of molecular flow inside themselves called chromosome territories. There is here an organization present that allows each compartment to specialize in a certain gene driven function, a localized form of addressing where there are routes to travel to reach any given address. REQUIREMENT #3 of 4 - CONFIDENCE TO GAUGE FAILURE AND SUCCESS In molecular intelligence the confidence levels are gauged as in cybernetics, the interdisciplinary study of the structure of regulatory systems, which includes molecular systems that are required for basic growth and division of cells where most rudimentary confidence levels are as in homeostasis. Where confidence in conditions being suitable for replication are great enough another replication cycle can be initiated. Or where a dry spell threatens survival, some cells can take evasive action by becoming a spore (seed) with hard watertight shell around the most vital molecular intelligence (only) part of the system. The next level cellular intelligence that once controlled flagella and other motor systems ceases to exist, until conditions improve and its cellular intelligence can again emerge from its molecular intelligence, to once more become a swimming/migrating cell. REQUIREMENT #4 of 4 - ABILITY TO TAKE A GUESS Complex forms of molecular intelligence have sensory receptors on their surface membrane for different morphogenetic proteins (substance that evokes differentiation). Interaction of the protein with the receptor initiates a cascade of events that eventually turns on some genes and turns off others, aiding differentiation of the cell into brain, muscle and other unique cells. Successful actions to take in response to environmental conditions are recalled from its RNA/DNA memory. New memories can be formed as in the classic example of the origin of nylonase7 whereby a successful response to environmental chemistry conditions is the result of a best guess that leads to a new action to be taken. At the molecular intelligence level, best guesses are taken using mechanisms such as crossover exchange, chromosome fusion/fission, duplications, deletions and transpositions (jumping genes) whereby a coded region of DNA data physically moves to another location to effectively change its address location. Information shared by conjugation may possibly include best guesses which are incorporated into its genome. Somatic hypermutation occurs when immune cells are fighting a losing battle with germs. The cell then responds by searching for a solution to the problem by rapidly taking best guesses. This produces new defensive molecules which become attached to their outside, to help grab onto an invader so it can be destroyed. Although a random guess can at times be better than no guess at all, uncontrolled random change (random mutation) in DNA coding is normally damaging. These are caused by (among other things) x-rays and gamma rays, UV light, smoke and chemical agents. Molecular intelligence systems normally use error correction mechanisms to prevent “random chance” memory changes from occurring. To qualify as a random guess the molecular intelligence system must itself produce them. An exception is where random change/mutation is the only available guess mechanism, which may have been all that existed at the dawn of life, to produce the very first living/intelligent things. Without some form of good-guess genetic recombination the learning rate of the system would be very low. Offspring would normally be clones of their parents. Therefore a part of the cell cycle often has crossover exchange where entire regions of chromosomes are safely swapped, to produce a new individual response to the environment that should work as well or better. This is a best guess because the molecular intelligence is starting with what it has already learned then tries something new based upon that coded knowledge. This is not randomly mixing coding regions in an uncontrolled genetic scrambling which can easily be fatal. Regardless of population size a molecular intelligence “gene pool” still relies on single individuals to come up with unique solutions to problems such as digesting nylon, antibiotic resistance and differentiation into new cell morphologies. A gene pool is the combined memory of a "collective intelligence" or more specifically "molecular collective intelligence". By using conjugation to share information, a colony of bacteria (or other cells) can be considered to be a single multicellular organism. Cellular Intelligence Cellular Intelligence adds moment to moment awareness and actions to molecular intelligence. Without it, the very slow responding molecular intelligence would lack an added level of intelligence to find food and defend itself. Rudimentary cellular intelligence is gauged using scientific models of their internal systems. Animal-cell intelligence (protozoans, colony forming stem cells and social amoebas) has a much greater ability to navigate its environment which is gained from a centrosome (microtubule nucleating center) which evidence suggests may be an additional light sensitive organelle. This more visible intelligence is gauged using special mazes and other environments which test their advanced features. Observing microscopic single celled hay infusion protozoa shows intelligent behavior inherent to an animal design. We more easily recognize them as intelligent living things while observing some of their more impressive hunting and foraging skills. Bacteria are also cells. Viruses are not cells and even though their protein shell has sensors to detect a host cell (at this time) no form of cellular intelligence seems to exist in viruses. A most rudimentary example of a cellular intelligence system is e.coli chemotaxis8 9 10 11 that will normally “run” straight ahead but when confidence level in heading direction goes low a "tumble" is very simply produced by reversing motor spin direction to guess a new heading. The cell/bacteria system that learns how to become immune to antibiotics is simply called "immune system". Our multicellular "immune system" is emergent from the more or less normal chemical warfare (between other microbes and environment) that goes on at the cellular level. White blood cells are especially good warriors, which go into action whenever other cells in our body sense then signal to them that there are invaders to destroy. In animals an added centrosome which has its own replication mechanism produces amoeba and stem-cell migration behavior by nucleating microtubules in chosen direction of travel which then causes internal cytoplasm to “stream”, to produce movement. They will wander in search for a place where they feel comfortable (are useful) in the growing multicellular colony. At the cellular level developing muscle cells exercise along with their neurons that control them, which must learn to fire and wire together. Cells must train so that “we” (conscious mind of the cellular colony) can in time crawl, walk or run. Cellular intelligence age is the age of the cell itself, making the oldest you would have the same birth-date age as you in years plus around 9 months. REQUIREMENT #1 of 4 - SOMETHING TO CONTROL Cellular intelligence controls movements and actions of the cell which has chemoreceptors, eyespots, and as in insects antennae to sense movement as it controls its cilia/flagellum motors so it can control food/chemical resources of its environment. REQUIREMENT #2 of 4 – SENSORY ADDRESSED MEMORY E.coli senses chemoeffector gradients in temporal fashion (recall series of readings/conditions back in time) by comparing current concentrations to those encountered over the past few seconds of travel, a single element reversible methylation temporal memory, to navigate its environment.12 Cellular (and molecular intelligence) can include plasmid exchange which is a very useful form of communication/learning between members of a bacterial colony, which share genetic information. When one finds a useful solution to a given environmental situation it is taught to others, this way. But as in all forms of learning it's also possible to be taught something that works at first then later tragically fails, or was useless to begin with. Other cellular intelligence memory systems are expected to exist, but at this time they are an active area of ongoing scientific research. Note: Only germline cells that divide to become egg and sperm cells must accurately copy the full genetic memory. After germline cells fuse (fertilization) they begin to modify their genome as much as is necessary to achieve differentiation into a specialized cell. It is here changing in morphology in response to its environment to be able to survive one cellular lifetime. During development of the organism many kinds of cells (muscle and skin cells, neurons, etc.) with many cellular intelligence behaviors are produced by the germline cells which remain the same through time to produce the eggs and sperm to produce another generation. REQUIREMENT #3 of 4 - CONFIDENCE TO GAUGE FAILURE AND SUCCESS E.coli chemotaxis first has “sensory adaptation” which produces one behavior over another according to immediate needs. When sensed chemoeffector gradients that are stored in memory show movement fails to bring it towards goal a guess is triggered by briefly running motors in CW direction to produce "tumble" action guess response. Cellular intelligence can also respond to quorum sensing where molecules they secrete into the environment coordinate their actions so they all do the same thing at the same time to meet the needs of the entire colony or organism. REQUIREMENT #4 of 4 - ABILITY TO TAKE A GUESS Hypermutation is a molecular intelligence level state in immune cells which influences its cellular intelligence when a threat is sensed which they must destroy. A million times the usual mutation rate rapidly designs new molecules to grab onto invaders the immune cells are then at war with. Only the cellular intelligence has the moment to moment awareness to successfully battle other microbes. The molecular intelligence is involved too, but more on the sensing and supply of defensive molecules needed by the cellular intelligence producing the required motor (protein) actions. Molecular level translocation to change address location can also influence cellular behavior. Also what is accepted or rejected during conjugation, which adds to its molecular knowledge, but is much a guess whether it works or not. Something that worked for another is a best guess making its way around in a population. Multicellular Intelligence Multicellular intelligence produced by a brain operates with clock cycles that can be detected from the outside by tuning to waves with an electroencephalograph (EEG) machine to observe brain waves. In humans intelligence can be gauged using academic test scores and personal accomplishments, while in less academic organisms mazes or other cognitive tests are used. Multicellular organisms are not always multicellular intelligence. Without a brain, plants cannot meet the four requirements for multicellular intelligence. In plants and other simple systems cellular intelligence combines to produce a multicellular structure where the only plant motion is to sway with the wind or slow phototropic behavior, growing towards light. Venus flytrap has a simple reflex action to close when an insect touches its sensor, but a “reflex” action is not “intelligence”. There is also cellular sprout timing (vernalization) circuitry but that is a molecular system inside its cells not cells communicating with each other as in a brain, therefore we will consider plants to be cellular intelligence only, not multicellular intelligence. Most animals easily meet all four requirements for intelligence at the multicellular level. This includes corals, sponges and sea squirts where in the larval (tadpole) stage they have a light sensing ocellus (motion sensing navigation eye) to help them find a comfortable place to stay. As though they were a single giant multicellular intelligence fungi may have a form of underground communication system that wires together entire forests. But to be considered intelligent it would need to meet all four requirements of intelligence, which here has not yet been accomplished but cannot be ruled out. Human Multicellular Intelligence REQUIREMENT #1 of 4 - SOMETHING TO CONTROL In addition to a physical body with arms and legs to control, humans seek knowledge and “power over others” that puts them in control of all things in their environment. This can include controlling a musical instrument that is controlling the sound heard in the air that is controlling our moods that control how our day goes. It's both a good and bad thing that we are this way. This behavioral trait keeps us searching for new knowledge (science) which benefits us. But being so successful at controlling our environment sometimes makes our presence at the expense of other living things, and to war with each other. Academia controls knowledge by granting "degrees" or "credentials" to those who make the grade. In this case learning, and knowledge itself, is something humans can control. Some desire to control others mind and body, or their own. In religion Buddhism is self-control of ones own mind and body. Islam and Christianity also seek empowering knowledge. In culture Harry Potter fans seek to control things like bullies they wish they could make vanish into thin air by pointing a magic wand at them. External to the human body are feedback circuits such as a thermostat to control room temperature. The intelligent cause that created the intelligent design is the human intelligence that ultimately controls the room temperature, not the thermostat that only makes it easier for its human intelligent designer to control it with an electrical feedback system of that design. REQUIREMENT #2 of 4 – SENSORY ADDRESSED MEMORY Neurons store memories with synaptic junctions (synapse) between their many neural fibers that grow from them to other neurons. As in stem-cells which start off with the same similarly expressed genes in memory there is differentiation which produces an observable difference in the structure and contents of each memory according to lifetime learning. We can here say that stem cells do a great deal of work on their own genome, as do we when we use our memory to learn which produces new networks and much rewiring. A muller cell for guiding light into retinal photoreceptors can discard all but most vital processes to become increasing transparent while a muscle cell uses/exercises genes that make it stronger. Similarly a taxi driver has an increasingly larger than average hypothalamus from storing the spatial maps their job requires be wired into memory. Disabling memories found in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is expected in all forms of intelligence. Our being consciously aware of what we have in our memory makes these painful. But in at least a computer model of intelligence reexposure to the same set of stimuli while this time actions result in repeated failure (as opposed to prior repeated success) confidence goes to zero then there is an overwrite of existing memory. In the computer model, PTSD may be evident after moving the last feeder out of its reach of screen (or other way stress it) where upon restoring a normal environment will have become noticeably jittery. In time they can get back into a functional routine but trauma type memories can still remain. Once a traumatic experience is in memory it can be there for good. The only way to overwrite harmful genes/plasmids is to physically change or replace them with new ones. REQUIREMENT #3 of 4 - CONFIDENCE TO GAUGE FAILURE AND SUCCESS In multicellular intelligence confidence level changes are often produced by chemical/hormonal change which alters our behavior in a way that we are driven towards one thing or another. This includes the hedonic system of the human brain, the source of “pleasure”. Simple blood chemistry levels produce “hunger” that can in turn produce a long and complicated search where we feel confidence levels rising as we get closer towards food. In some cases such as knowingly overeating confidence levels (for other needs) are at the same time lowered and may set a new goal that resists the pleasure of food. Thrill seekers are guided towards confidence boosting activities where adrenaline hormone levels pleasurably rise. Confidence to gauge failure and success is the part of our intelligence we can "feel", know what it’s like to be rewarded by "success" and punished by "failure". Games and sports are very popular to achieve the euphoria that accompanies success. These confidence changing feelings make us intentionally act one way or another depending on changing needs. Need might at first be thirst which then leads to danger in the path to the water which takes longer to get to which then makes hunger a priority which has them on a path to the food. The confidence circuitry is perhaps the most complex part of the human brain. And by being able to "feel for others" we can share in the success or failure of another intelligence simply by watching them. We therefore have heroes who succeed and villains. In human culture this is well expressed as winning over the 1970's "pinball machine" that preceded home video games and personal computers. The pinball machine had to be fed quarters which in turn kept many teenagers out of spending money, which in turn helped make the impossible dream of being able to control the game for endless replays the ultimate success for many of that generation. In the musical movie by the Who named "Tommy" is a scene where a "deaf dumb and blind kid" that can only do one thing at all (get endless free games) first discovers a pinball machine that was luring him to wander off. After beating a machine the world “lights up" around Tommy by his superhuman success, when in reality the ability to fully control a pinball machine would not work without an electrical outlet or really light up the air around them, just feel as though it could. After spending much money attempting to control a pinball machine, human intelligence of this generation would then spend more money to see a confidence building movie that feels good by showing what that ultimate superhuman control over a controlling machine would look like when abstracted through art. Our intelligence here understands a reality by relating to something that in reality could not possibly happen. What is in human art/culture is here useful for explaining how human intelligence works. Low confidence of repeated failure or being held down by others attempting to control us produces an imprisoning feeling that we may work very hard to get “free" from. Getting free can lead to state of euphoria, as expressed in the movie Tommy "I'm Free" with abstraction being of running through the world inviting all to join through scenes that resemble going back in time through our creation. Some may seek knowledge from history and/or religion. Scientists may try to answer that by searching for new knowledge scientifically, driven to keep taking their intellect and science to new levels. In fact, that powerful need for knowledge is why this theory exists. No matter what we are driven to seek, the search for knowledge is well abstracted by art as climbing a mountain for the light of knowledge and wisdom as in the movie Tommy “See Me, Feel Me - Listening to You”. REQUIREMENT #4 of 4 - ABILITY TO TAKE A GUESS Externally human intelligence can take a random guess aided by flipping a coin or draw from deck of cards. A best guess is based on success and failure of past actions in memory for similar environmental condition(s). Trial and error guessing is how the “scientific method” works. A hypothesis is a guess, which is tested. A theory is the memory text where results of hypothesis testing are added. It's no secret that scientists test guesses, in order to solve a scientific problem. This simple guess driven process (demonstrated by the computer model) is the scientific “mother of invention” that leads to the creation of novel new intelligent designs, at all intelligence levels. Molecular Self-Assembly – Origin of Life Model Although the exact mechanisms of origin of living things (life) are not known it is helpful to know what we might see while taking a walk along the shore of this planet’s prebiotic ocean(s). We can expect high levels of CO2 (typical of a lifeless planet) and other volcanic gasses. Underwater hydrothermal vent chemistry can form important starter molecules including amphiphilic molecules that self-assemble into vesicles. Surface volcanic eruptions would be producing intense lightning storms that produce amino acids.13 Lightning storm during eruption of Chaiten Volcano, southern Chile. UPI Photo by Carlos Gutierrez After raining from the atmosphere, life giving organic molecules of many kinds would be washed from land into lakes and streams that flow into the ocean where they concentrate on shorelines. Wetting and drying cycles would then polymerize (form lengthening chains of) the amino acids into proteins to (when wet) form a plasma similar to what is inside of cells. This plasma would be an ideal environment for the self-assembling cellular components and organelles of living cells.14 Directional currents can circulate components that require a specific environment to another for further organelle assembly. Early metabolism might be powered by common (at the time) mineral dust and clay deposits that photocatalyze (light is energy source to reassemble molecules) steps required for a Reverse Krebs Cycle to keep producing what is first needed to self-assemble cells. The next best thing to actually going back in time to explore the prebiotic environment is an aquarium for adding organic molecules that were likely forming in the ocean (or other water body) at that time. Plan it to be 1/4 to at most 1/2 full. To make best use of the aquarium work area and see any underwater sedimentation, one corner can be deep-ocean while opposite corner is the shoreline area made by placing a couple of bricks with thin flat stones on top. Gravel can be used in some places for a more realistic landscape. Shown below is redstone (also called brownstone a type of slate) that has depressions made by small dinosaurs that stepped on it, helpful for forming coves where molecules collect. Any rough material with contrasting color to the plasma can be used. An aquarium airstone produces the churning water turbulence to in turn produce sea foam, along with currents and some wave action. Large storms and hurricanes can be simulated by periodically stirring and/or surface air currents by blowing on it but use caution not to create a tidal wave that wipes the beach clean of what was gathering there. Connecting the airstone to the end of rigid tube or rod (along with additional weight to keep it submerged) makes a convenient bubbling stirrer. A good length is slightly longer than corner to corner diagonally so that the airstone stays submerged in one corner while air-hose tied to rod exits the aquarium over the top of the opposite corner. Organic molecules in the chemical environment are attracted to then collect on the bubble’s gas/liquid interface, with the molecular load being delivered to the surface by the air bubbles. To the water we add organic molecules. Membrane forming amphiphilic molecules (also produced by hydrothermal vents) are found in soap (use caution not to use too much) and egg yolk. A box of Jell-O gelatin (above photo used strawberry-kiwi for pink color) and the egg white (albumen protein) to add amino acids and structural proteins that would have formed where there are amino acid molecules present, which through shoreline wetting and drying cycles can form peptide bonds to produce longer protein chains. A pinch of meat tenderizer (protein enzyme with an active site to cut other proteins into shorter pieces) can be added to help prevent over-coagulation, which is why when pineapple or other substance containing such an enzyme causes Jell-O to not gel. Adding more tenderizer will decrease size of protein strands. RNA, DNA including cellular organelles can be added by blender liquefaction or chemical extraction from onion, peas or other plant cells. After a number of hours the airstone can be turned off then a spot cleaned on the side of the glass to look at the model shoreline to see what the "protein skimming" removed from the water. Cambrian Explosion Fossil and phylogenetic evidence shows that soon after our planet formed a solid crust molecular level intelligence was already thriving, over 3,000 million years ago. There is next expected to have been a proliferation of cellular level intelligence including plants and eukaryotic cells (single cell animals) which have a nucleus and specialized organelles. Then next, roughly 600 million years ago, there was the well documented “Cambrian Explosion” where a large biodiversity of multicellular intelligence (animals with brain made of neurons) rapidly proliferated. Relatively complex eyes suddenly appeared and are still here in much the same form as in the beginning. Chart supplied by Professor Joseph Meert Since the Intelligence Design Lab models the mechanism that is expected to produce these three exponential biological diversification rates we can use it to demonstrate the mechanism that caused the most recent, the Cambrian Explosion. In the run shown below a two lobe compound eye critter is kept busy chasing a feeder for one million memory (write/read) cycles. The green foraging success line shows how well (on average) it is foraging on its own, keeping its stomach full. When using the model for the Cambrian Explosion the foraging success relates to the survival rate of species, which would rapidly decline during mass extinction events then quickly recover. The blue line shows average confidence level, their brain's proficiency at acquiring useful knowledge. The black line shows total memory locations used, which relates to the overall brain capacity of animals. Taken together these show the variables associated with a learning rate which takes into account how much can be learned during its lifetime, and on average how much of that knowledge is actually useful to their overall confidence (well being) and survival success. The lines seen here are representative of the development of multicellular level intelligence during the predicted period of time known as the Cambrian Explosion. There are also two earlier predicted events of the same magnitude (for molecular and cellular level intelligence), where due to not leaving behind much fossil evidence are harder to detect but none the less await future paleontological discovery. Species and Speciation (Molecular and Biological) Generally, a molecular/chemical species can be defined as an ensemble of chemically identical molecular entities that can explore the same set of molecular energy levels on a characteristic or delineated time scale.15 A molecular species changes into a new species by chemical reaction.  Each have their own similar but unique name such as biologically important “Ammonium Nitrate” and “Ammonium Nitrite”. Biological species are reproductively isolated taxa subjected to an environmental process or to a measurement. Generally, a biological species can be defined as an ensemble of biologically identical living things that can explore the same set of genetic traits/designs on a characteristic or delineated (geologic) time scale. A biological species is biological molecular development produced by a species changing biological reaction. The individual is a living thing that perpetuates itself through time by replication. There is here species level “molecular development”, and “cellular development” into a type of cell for “multicellular development” from singly fertilized egg cell. Behavioral Speciation Behavioral speciation happens in both chemistry and biology. In chemistry there is molecular/chemical speciation that causes recognizable behavioral change. For example, before adding many fish to a newly made aquarium it has to first be cycled with very few in it to establish toxic waste consuming bacteria that cause the molecular speciation of nitrogen in their urine from the toxic species ammonia (NH3, aq) or ammonium (NH4+) to the toxic species nitrite (NO2) then to the relatively nontoxic species nitrate (NO3) that plants and algae next consume. At first the most dominant nitrogen species is ammonia (NH3) from urine, then after cycling the nitrate (NO3) will become the most dominant nitrogen species. In biology there is biological speciation, where biological behavior establishes a new species. Successful replication of a biological species requires each individual to be inherently able to recognize their own species from among all others. Bees and ants use chemical communication to sense that the much larger queen belongs in their ensemble of biologically identical living things (which may include their farmed species). Species recognition is also guided by (and often combination of) sound such as fruit flies and crickets that use their wings to sing a species specific song during courtship, visually by giving off light (fireflies and sea animals), or in bright light where male bower birds build and advertise adorned huts. Peacocks indicate their species (as well as arousal) by displaying giant tails that are full length by breeding season (then molts and has to grow back again) which makes a rattling hissing sound when they shake them. When fighting the tail normally gets bundled up behind then they peck with their beaks or launch themselves forward for an attack with their sharp claws. During breeding season instinctual behavior makes it more likely for a peahen (female peafowl) to tolerate the advances of peacocks (male peafowl) which will mate with anything that wanders into their displaying area.16 Natural variation in tail spot number does not increase chances of a peacock’s success rate they just need the normal amount required to indicate to the peahen that they are a normal healthy peacock. With other species their size being scared off by (or keep a safe distance from) this relatively intimidating species recognition system peahens are more importantly an exception that doesn’t run away at the sight of an aroused peacock, which leads to the expected then happening from letting one slowly get too close, regardless of which species it may be that did not run when they had the chance to. One example of when things go wrong is occasionally reported by ranchers who have a problem with a wild moose that thinks they are a cow, or at least would rather prefer to be with a herd where they don’t belong. This identity crisis might be further complicated by loneliness and being safer in a herd with other animals, so even where the moose knows they are somewhat different a lonely moose may still prefer company of cows. Regardless of their reasons for changing specie identity, keeping such a giant easily angered animal out of the herd where they think they belong is not easy. Where left to roam with the cows the moose cannot parent any calves, which helps explain why there are not many moose with such a serious species self-recognition problem. Cows who know a moose when they see one will do infinitely better than a cow that pairs with a moose because they cannot see the difference either. Even when there appear to be great differences between the sexes the same genetic library is being expressed in both, producing detectable (to each other) features. For example, in mammals, nipples are found on both male and female. Later developmental features do not confuse our ability to recognize the opposite sex as being human. Male and female peacocks also share many similar features. Since they are not mammals they have no nipples, but male peacocks find their bold feathery tails to be similarly giggling aesthetic to females who find them a most beautiful feature. During breeding season instinctual behavior makes it more likely for a peahen (female peafowl) to tolerate the advances of peacocks (male peafowl) which will mate with anything that wanders into their displaying area. Natural variation in tail spot number does not increase chances of a peacock’s success rate they just need the normal amount needed to indicate to the peahen that they are a normal peacock. With other species their size being scared off by (or keep a safe distance from) this relatively intimidating species recognition system peahens are more importantly an exception that doesn’t run away at the sight of an aroused peacock, which leads to the expected then happening from getting too close to one, regardless of which species it may be that did not run when they had the chance to. The human species recognition system is highly visual. We have words like “apish” or “hideous” to describe the looks and behavior of even our closest living relatives the chimpanzee, bonobo, and other great apes. In our art and culture we find abstractions that exaggerate the real life features that we look for, as a result the size of Betty Boop’s pupil alone can become the size of her whole mouth yet we still recognize this cartoon image as being that of an attractive human. In advertising the looks of a model are sometimes computer enhanced (airbrushed) to enhance the ideals not (yet?) common in our morphology. What is added or removed from the picture helps show what human intelligence finds most desirable. We are so visually responsive that just a picture of something we find attractive can produce a hormone based molecular arousal, or as in the common phrase “love at first sight” there is an instant behavioral change that produces an extreme desire to be with someone. Exaggerated body proportions which we still find human looking may in part have a neurological cause produced by the way parts of our body with fewer sensory connections to the brain subconsciously appear smaller than lips, hands and other parts that have many sensory connections. A cortical homunculus (Motor Homunculus) is a pictorial representation of the anatomical divisions of the primary motor cortex and the primary somatosensory cortex the portion of the human brain directly responsible for the movement and exchange/addressing of sensory and motor information. The resulting image is a disfigured human with disproportionately huge hands, lips, and face in comparison to the rest of the body. This concept relates to many neuro-biological phenomenon including "phantom limb" and "body integrity identity disorder". In art, exaggerated proportions can still look attractive, as shown in the excellent example below where even with disproportionate features they are still easily recognizable as human. At a more personal self-recognition level we communicate what we identify with (our self-image) using fashion. There are colorful bright feathery hats and dresses that can outdo the plumage of a peacock. Artificial furs can dress us up as a warm mammal of our choice, or in leathery skins for the look of even an alligator. Uniforms identify police, soldiers and firefighters. And being so self-conscious about how we look to others makes wearing nothing an unconfident state of mind, including to others around them. Without clothing we lose protection for our sensitive skin that is designed for heat regulation (by sweating) and does not have a protective coat of fur, which makes it more vulnerable to mosquitoes and biting insects as well as sun. We have the intellectual ability to adapt ourselves for a wide range of conditions, in the case of firefighters their protective clothing and a self-contained breathing apparatus allows them to walk through flames that other living things could not survive. Behavioral speciation is also evidenced by "ring species" where after slowly spreading around a circular shaped environment the ones on each side of where they finally meet no longer see the other as their own kind even though they are essentially still the same. Even where they could with some success reproduce the behavior that keeps them from partnering with each other helps them drift ever further away from each other and eventually into reproductive isolation, where it is then easier to qualify them as two unique species. Where behavioral speciation has occurred in a “ring” like this there in no one place around the ring where they suddenly changed from one species to another. Hybridization Speciation (Immediate) Common in plants and used in agriculture a hybrid species is produced when two breeds, species, varieties, or even genera combine to form a new non-sterile species. In single cell organisms one species may retain all or part of its original form inside of the other (endosymbiosis). In complex animals hybridization can be more difficult. Horses and donkeys normally give birth to a sterile mule but on rare occasions a fertile mule is born. Polyploid Speciation (Immediate) Polyploid speciation is the result of all chromosomes doubling, tripling or more in number. With twice or more of everything the cells are proportionately larger, resulting in a larger plant or animal. This is relatively common in self-reproducing plants. In animals polyploidy is less frequent but is still found in some insects, fishes, amphibians, reptiles and rat. Paleopolyploidy is the scientific study of prehistoric polyploid speciation events. Chromosome Fusion Speciation (Immediate - Human) Humans may be the result of a molecular level good-guess called Chromosome Fusion Speciation17 produced by a large head to head telomeric fusion of two average size chromosomes which became our second largest #2. Although there was not a significant amount of gene code scrambling at the fusion site, even in common much less disruptive fusion events which do not create a new species the rearranging of the chromosome territories can still produce large-scale gene expression (coding remains the same) changes elsewhere.18 At the molecular intelligence system level this can result in a somewhat traumatic event, experience, which can produce reproductive isolation (operational definition for speciation/species). Usually around 2/3 of pregnancies involving one person with a balanced translocation will end in miscarriage.19 There may also be behavioral differences where they then can intelligently recognize and choose to be with their own kind (reproductive isolation which includes human intelligent causation). To fully qualify as a new chromosomal species the lineage must stay going until there is a self-sustaining population in reproductive isolation. Until then it remains unknown/unclear whether it was a species creating event or not. Unlike normal chromosome crossover exchange (guesses) that happens each time cells divide down during meiosis into egg or sperm cells, chromosome fusions are only an occasional but much more dramatic and risky guess. Where the guess works, a new chromosome design is created (that may or may not have a visible change in phenotype) that encourages reproductive isolation, which gene level (earlier discussed) “behavioral speciation” further acts upon to help make final. No “behavioral speciation event” (lineage split to show in cladogram) yet occurred, that would require a new species (same chromosome count) to branch from our lineage because of “behavioral speciation” alone but unlike immediate chromosomal speciation there may be no single genome level change that (by itself) produced reproductive isolation. Apes kept on going through time with the undisturbed 48 design that is stable making quadrupedal apes, but the human design requires restructured pelvis, limbs, ribcage, cooling, vocal/breathing system, brain circuit wiring with much longer development time, and we are an almost hairless self-clothed biped not a furry quadruped. We are also the only specie to build public schools and universities, meanwhile our closest relatives are still living in trees. Even after attempting to teach chimps and monkeys how to read and write they would all likely still score zero on written science tests. We could easily see which tests were taken by chimps because of not looking much better than those filled in by much more distantly related tiny brained monkeys. These significant differences require considering the effects of a molecular intelligence level chromosome fusion guess, which only (at le -------------- The theory of intelligent design holds that certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection.

NoName Posts: 2729 Joined: Mar. 2013 (Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2015,10:30    Quote (GaryGaulin @ Nov. 01 2015,11:20) No scientific evidence against anything has ever been presented. But some have to pretend that it was. Just another sad example of how far behind some are happy to say. Ridiculous and wrong. Worse, no scientific evidence in support of your gibberish has ever been presented in this thread. Remember, just because you can code up something that mimics whatever you happen to mean by 'intelligence' at the moment is not evidence that any form of intelligence works according to your algorithm. We've referenced plenty of hard science that shows this. You run away from it, just as Edgar does.

GaryGaulin Posts: 5385 Joined: Oct. 2012 (Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2015,10:32    More: These significant differences require considering the effects of a molecular intelligence level chromosome fusion guess, which only (at least successfully) occurred in humans (not related species). This type of event has a direct effect upon the emergent cellular intelligence behavior, which in turn has a direct effect upon the emergent multicellular system. There are here two intelligent causations in the emergent pathway that similarly change in response to small molecular intelligence level behavior changes, a new behavior can amplify into a complex behavior change by the time it finally effects the complex thoughts of the emergent multicellular intelligence level (our brain). Not all chromosome fusions are a guess being taken. It is possible for another system to not be functioning properly in which case we are seeing what happens when something else goes wrong elsewhere. And in human origin there was specifically a single large head to head telomeric fusion event. Other types of fusion may have another cause and would not be a direct example of the chromosome fusion speciation mechanism being discussed here. Chromosome fusion speciation is not like crossing different species such as donkey and a horse where there is the birth of a mule that is normally sterile. Here, parents who gave birth to the first 47 (because two fusing into single long one) were both the same species and both had 48 chromosomes. A 47 has all of the chromosome material of a 48 and was fertile enough to have offspring, but with the fusion present in only one pair (one from each parent) the instability can make it harder to conceive anything less than a stable 46 chromosome (even number) arrangement where there are two fusions, one from each parent. This pairing further accelerates such a speciation process by favoring conception of 46 over 47 hence there is a speciation event where the new design is right there forced to become a new species or it soon becomes extinct. The direction of our species would then have been set the moment the good-guess was taken. The first (of two) fused chromosome is in either allele (mother or father) of the haploid (one of two sets of chromosome pair) germ cell (egg or sperm) to become a 47 chromosome heterozygote (alleles differ). This one copy expresses human chromosome #2 along with copy of the original two unfused chromosomes to provide all that the cell had before, therefore it is not a sudden unsurvivable change. The new fusion produced chromosome is also controllable through epigenetic systems which can reregulate genes to a successful balance. We now have the first human Chromosome #2. Next, the fused chromosome replicates to go from 48-ape, to 47-protohuman, to 46-human, in the population as follows: 48 and 48 parents produce a 48 offspring only. 48 and 47 parents produce a 48 or 47 offspring. 47 and 47 parents produce a 48 or 47 or 46 human offspring. 48 and 46 parents produce a 47 offspring only. 47 and 46 parents produce a 47 or 46 human offspring. 46 and 46 parents produce a 46 human offspring only. The 47’s were a transitional stage that soon led to a stable 46 human design. New traits that may have appeared could have increasingly taken a 46 to find desirable, further accelerating speciation through the species recognition mechanism. Our human genome design has an easily recognized "signature" in the phylogenetic data where the most obvious feature was produced by a chromosomal fusion/rearrangement speciation event through a progeny born to 48 then 47 chromosome ancestors who were not of the chimpanzee design, they were protohumans. Without our unique chromosome design being expressed they were not yet systematically human. Therefore where fully "human" is operationally defined as a 46 chromosome ancestor from our lineage (the result of chromosome fusion speciation) there is the genetic signature of a man and a woman progenitor couple expressing the new human design who deserve the colloquial name of Chromosomal Adam and Eve, whose descendants preferred to be with their own kind, through time, all the way from them to us.. [/quote] -------------- The theory of intelligent design holds that certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection.

NoName Posts: 2729 Joined: Mar. 2013 (Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2015,10:49    Still nonsense, no matter how many times you repeat it.

Doc Bill Posts: 1039 Joined: April 2007 (Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2015,11:01    Gary wrote this pure comedy gold: Quote A molecular species changes into a new species by chemical reaction.  Each have their own similar but unique name such as biologically important “Ammonium Nitrate” and “Ammonium Nitrite”. What.  The.  Fuck? So, you're telling us Adam named the chemical "kinds."  I didn't know that!

dazz Posts: 247 Joined: Mar. 2015 (Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2015,11:04    Quote (GaryGaulin @ Nov. 01 2015,17:32) More: These significant differences require considering the effects of a molecular intelligence level chromosome fusion guess, which only (at least successfully) occurred in humans (not related species). This type of event has a direct effect upon the emergent cellular intelligence behavior, which in turn has a direct effect upon the emergent multicellular system. There are here two intelligent causations in the emergent pathway that similarly change in response to small molecular intelligence level behavior changes, a new behavior can amplify into a complex behavior change by the time it finally effects the complex thoughts of the emergent multicellular intelligence level (our brain). Not all chromosome fusions are a guess being taken. It is possible for another system to not be functioning properly in which case we are seeing what happens when something else goes wrong elsewhere. And in human origin there was specifically a single large head to head telomeric fusion event. Other types of fusion may have another cause and would not be a direct example of the chromosome fusion speciation mechanism being discussed here. Chromosome fusion speciation is not like crossing different species such as donkey and a horse where there is the birth of a mule that is normally sterile. Here, parents who gave birth to the first 47 (because two fusing into single long one) were both the same species and both had 48 chromosomes. A 47 has all of the chromosome material of a 48 and was fertile enough to have offspring, but with the fusion present in only one pair (one from each parent) the instability can make it harder to conceive anything less than a stable 46 chromosome (even number) arrangement where there are two fusions, one from each parent. This pairing further accelerates such a speciation process by favoring conception of 46 over 47 hence there is a speciation event where the new design is right there forced to become a new species or it soon becomes extinct. The direction of our species would then have been set the moment the good-guess was taken. The first (of two) fused chromosome is in either allele (mother or father) of the haploid (one of two sets of chromosome pair) germ cell (egg or sperm) to become a 47 chromosome heterozygote (alleles differ). This one copy expresses human chromosome #2 along with copy of the original two unfused chromosomes to provide all that the cell had before, therefore it is not a sudden unsurvivable change. The new fusion produced chromosome is also controllable through epigenetic systems which can reregulate genes to a successful balance. We now have the first human Chromosome #2. Next, the fused chromosome replicates to go from 48-ape, to 47-protohuman, to 46-human, in the population as follows: 48 and 48 parents produce a 48 offspring only. 48 and 47 parents produce a 48 or 47 offspring. 47 and 47 parents produce a 48 or 47 or 46 human offspring. 48 and 46 parents produce a 47 offspring only. 47 and 46 parents produce a 47 or 46 human offspring. 46 and 46 parents produce a 46 human offspring only. The 47’s were a transitional stage that soon led to a stable 46 human design. New traits that may have appeared could have increasingly taken a 46 to find desirable, further accelerating speciation through the species recognition mechanism. Our human genome design has an easily recognized "signature" in the phylogenetic data where the most obvious feature was produced by a chromosomal fusion/rearrangement speciation event through a progeny born to 48 then 47 chromosome ancestors who were not of the chimpanzee design, they were protohumans. Without our unique chromosome design being expressed they were not yet systematically human. Therefore where fully "human" is operationally defined as a 46 chromosome ancestor from our lineage (the result of chromosome fusion speciation) there is the genetic signature of a man and a woman progenitor couple expressing the new human design who deserve the colloquial name of Chromosomal Adam and Eve, whose descendants preferred to be with their own kind, through time, all the way from them to us.. [/quote] So according to you (not your "theory", that doesn't really tell us anything about, well, anything), people who didn't / don't have exactly 23 pairs of chromosomes are not really human? You are fuking retarded Gaulin

GaryGaulin Posts: 5385 Joined: Oct. 2012 (Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2015,11:54    Quote (dazz @ Nov. 01 2015,11:04) So according to you (not your "theory", that doesn't really tell us anything about, well, anything), people who didn't / don't have exactly 23 pairs of chromosomes are not really human? You are fuking retarded Gaulin I said quote: Quote fully "human" is operationally defined as a 46 chromosome ancestor from our lineage (the result of chromosome fusion speciation) You proved to have a very serious reading comprehension problem and some anger management issues. -------------- The theory of intelligent design holds that certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection.

GaryGaulin Posts: 5385 Joined: Oct. 2012 (Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2015,12:02    Quote (GaryGaulin @ Nov. 01 2015,11:54) Quote (dazz @ Nov. 01 2015,11:04) So according to you (not your "theory", that doesn't really tell us anything about, well, anything), people who didn't / don't have exactly 23 pairs of chromosomes are not really human? You are fuking retarded Gaulin I said quote:   Quote fully "human" is operationally defined as a 46 chromosome ancestor from our lineage (the result of chromosome fusion speciation) You proved to have a very serious reading comprehension problem and some anger management issues. Or in more detail that shows I am talking about descendants of a " progenitor couple" with 48 each: Quote Our human genome design has an easily recognized "signature" in the phylogenetic data where the most obvious feature was produced by a chromosomal fusion/rearrangement speciation event through a progeny born to 48 then 47 chromosome ancestors who were not of the chimpanzee design, they were protohumans. Without our unique chromosome design being expressed they were not yet systematically human. Therefore where fully "human" is operationally defined as a 46 chromosome ancestor from our lineage (the result of chromosome fusion speciation) there is the genetic signature of a man and a woman progenitor couple expressing the new human design who deserve the colloquial name of Chromosomal Adam and Eve, whose descendants preferred to be with their own kind, through time, all the way from them to us.. If you need more information to figure it out then then tell me where you need rewording, instead of throwing more bullshit that only shows you are making a big scene over nothing. -------------- The theory of intelligent design holds that certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection.

GaryGaulin Posts: 5385 Joined: Oct. 2012 (Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2015,15:06    Damn typo again! The couple were both a 46 from 48. That happens when I get upset then push the button in anger. -------------- The theory of intelligent design holds that certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection.

Jim_Wynne Posts: 1208 Joined: June 2006 (Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2015,18:22    [quote=GaryGaulin,Nov. 01 2015,10:29][quote=Jim_Wynne,Nov. 01 2015,10:19]     Quote (GaryGaulin @ Nov. 01 2015,09:45)       Quote (Jim_Wynne @ Nov. 01 2015,09:30)         Quote (GaryGaulin @ Nov. 01 2015,08:05) Cognitive based origin theory easily enough puts "intelligent cause" into scientific context, while eliminating the generalizations upon generalizations that can forever be fought over that explain nothing at all about how to model the multilevel process that accounts for the origin of the intelligence we are consciously aware of right now. You've claimed that your "model" and "theory" explain the origin of intelligence, but you have consistently refused to identify the origin of intelligence.  Thus your claim is that you can explain that which can't be identified.  Good work! You apparently missed this new illustration (drawing software is included with the new ID Lab) and a whole lot of other things: <Much snippage> Gary, pasting a dense, bloated block of irrelevant text isn't going to help you here.  You're lying about having knowledge of the origin of intelligence.  Nothing you have ever written or posted here has even come close to substantiating the claim. -------------- Evolution is not about laws but about randomness on happanchance.--Robert Byers, at PT

GaryGaulin Posts: 5385 Joined: Oct. 2012 (Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2015,20:23    Quote (Jim_Wynne @ Nov. 01 2015,18:22) You're lying about having knowledge of the origin of intelligence. I have novel "knowledge of the origin of intelligence" and I don't need to know everything, for what I do have to be very scientifically useful. -------------- The theory of intelligent design holds that certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection.

Jim_Wynne Posts: 1208 Joined: June 2006 (Permalink) Posted: Nov. 02 2015,08:45    Quote (GaryGaulin @ Nov. 01 2015,20:23) Quote (Jim_Wynne @ Nov. 01 2015,18:22) You're lying about having knowledge of the origin of intelligence. I have novel "knowledge of the origin of intelligence" and I don't need to know everything, for what I do have to be very scientifically useful. So why not just admit that you have no knowledge of the origin of intelligence? -------------- Evolution is not about laws but about randomness on happanchance.--Robert Byers, at PT

NoName Posts: 2729 Joined: Mar. 2013 (Permalink) Posted: Nov. 02 2015,09:03    Gary, just how is your "knowledge of the origin of intelligence" scientifically useful? Where is it being used? What is it being used for? Who is using it?

N.Wells Posts: 1836 Joined: Oct. 2005 (Permalink) Posted: Nov. 02 2015,09:06    Quote (GaryGaulin @ Nov. 01 2015,10:32) More: These significant differences require considering the effects of a molecular intelligence level chromosome fusion guess, which only (at least successfully) occurred in humans (not related species). This type of event has a direct effect upon the emergent cellular intelligence behavior, which in turn has a direct effect upon the emergent multicellular system. There are here two intelligent causations in the emergent pathway that similarly change in response to small molecular intelligence level behavior changes, a new behavior can amplify into a complex behavior change by the time it finally effects the complex thoughts of the emergent multicellular intelligence level (our brain). Not all chromosome fusions are a guess being taken. It is possible for another system to not be functioning properly in which case we are seeing what happens when something else goes wrong elsewhere. And in human origin there was specifically a single large head to head telomeric fusion event. Other types of fusion may have another cause and would not be a direct example of the chromosome fusion speciation mechanism being discussed here. Chromosome fusion speciation is not like crossing different species such as donkey and a horse where there is the birth of a mule that is normally sterile. Here, parents who gave birth to the first 47 (because two fusing into single long one) were both the same species and both had 48 chromosomes. A 47 has all of the chromosome material of a 48 and was fertile enough to have offspring, but with the fusion present in only one pair (one from each parent) the instability can make it harder to conceive anything less than a stable 46 chromosome (even number) arrangement where there are two fusions, one from each parent. This pairing further accelerates such a speciation process by favoring conception of 46 over 47 hence there is a speciation event where the new design is right there forced to become a new species or it soon becomes extinct. The direction of our species would then have been set the moment the good-guess was taken. The first (of two) fused chromosome is in either allele (mother or father) of the haploid (one of two sets of chromosome pair) germ cell (egg or sperm) to become a 47 chromosome heterozygote (alleles differ). This one copy expresses human chromosome #2 along with copy of the original two unfused chromosomes to provide all that the cell had before, therefore it is not a sudden unsurvivable change. The new fusion produced chromosome is also controllable through epigenetic systems which can reregulate genes to a successful balance. We now have the first human Chromosome #2. Next, the fused chromosome replicates to go from 48-ape, to 47-protohuman, to 46-human, in the population as follows: 48 and 48 parents produce a 48 offspring only. 48 and 47 parents produce a 48 or 47 offspring. 47 and 47 parents produce a 48 or 47 or 46 human offspring. 48 and 46 parents produce a 47 offspring only. 47 and 46 parents produce a 47 or 46 human offspring. 46 and 46 parents produce a 46 human offspring only. The 47’s were a transitional stage that soon led to a stable 46 human design. New traits that may have appeared could have increasingly taken a 46 to find desirable, further accelerating speciation through the species recognition mechanism. Our human genome design has an easily recognized "signature" in the phylogenetic data where the most obvious feature was produced by a chromosomal fusion/rearrangement speciation event through a progeny born to 48 then 47 chromosome ancestors who were not of the chimpanzee design, they were protohumans. Without our unique chromosome design being expressed they were not yet systematically human. Therefore where fully "human" is operationally defined as a 46 chromosome ancestor from our lineage (the result of chromosome fusion speciation) there is the genetic signature of a man and a woman progenitor couple expressing the new human design who deserve the colloquial name of Chromosomal Adam and Eve, whose descendants preferred to be with their own kind, through time, all the way from them to us.. You still need to read MJD White, Modes of Speciation, on chromosomal evolution.  You are enclosing some correct science with some nonsensical embellishments.  Yes, once the chromosomal fusion happens in some group that is ancestral to both humans and chimps, the fused chromosomes have separated onto the line to humans, and once two chromosomal-heterozygotes breed they should produce one new-chromosome chromomal-homozygotes.  Yes, at first, no one need look any different because everyone has all the same genes, just in different arrangements.   This need not be a problem for mating, although opportunities for translocations will decrease because any subsequent chromosomal rearrangements on the fused chromosomes or their unfused counterparts are likely to involve doubling some genes and losing others.  As different mutations build up on the fused and unfused chromosomes, there will be decreased hybrid viability and the owners will start to look different.  Decreased hybrid viability will mean that individuals that mate with their own karyotypes will average more offspring than those that don't, so breeding true provides more success than crossbreeding.  This does not have to be a conscious choice, and certainly the individuals involved have not done any genetic calculations, but any behavior that results in breeding true will undergo natural selection proportional to hybrid failure rates.  As you said, "New traits that may have appeared could have increasingly taken a 46 to find desirable, further accelerating speciation through the species recognition mechanism." So far so good.  However, "molecular intelligence level chromosome fusion guess" You haven't demonstrated molecular intelligence, and this is not a guess in the conventional sense of the word, and (your hidden agenda here) guessing is not required for intelligence. "two intelligent causations"  You haven't demonstrated that anything you mentioned so far was caused by intelligence.  Intelligence presumably emerged, and positive feedback seems inevitable, but that is different from "intelligent causation".   Quote Not all chromosome fusions are a guess being taken. It is possible for another system to not be functioning properly in which case we are seeing what happens when something else goes wrong elsewhere. In your language, they have to be guesses, just that not all are good guesses.  In regular language, none of them are guesses: they are just copying mistakes that happen from time to time.   Quote the instability can make it harder to conceive anything less than a stable 46 chromosome (even number) arrangement where there are two fusions, one from each parent. Possibly, but possibly not.  Lemurs show great plasticity in chromosome numbers, with lemurs successfully interbreeding within a single species while differing by several chromosome numbers, rather than just one (Buettner-Janusch's work in the early 70's). Quote Therefore where fully "human" is operationally defined as a 46 chromosome ancestor from our lineage (the result of chromosome fusion speciation) there is the genetic signature of a man and a woman progenitor couple expressing the new human design who deserve the colloquial name of Chromosomal Adam and Eve, whose descendants preferred to be with their own kind Yes, again, once two chromosomal-heterozygotes breed they should start producing one chromosomal-homozygotes with the new fused chromosome, but in just one-fourth of their offspring.  Those offspring would be able to interbreed with themselves to produce a new pure-homozygous strain, but would be unable to breed with homozygous-unfused.  However, you are greatly oversimplifying.  As you said, the new homozygotes would still be able to interbreed successfully with heterozygotes.   http://anthro.palomar.edu/synthet....h_4.htm has a nice discussion of the mathematics of heterozygosity, including balanced polymorphisms.

NoName Posts: 2729 Joined: Mar. 2013 (Permalink) Posted: Nov. 02 2015,09:25    It is also worth noting, vis a vis Gary's poorly-hidden agenda, that while guessing is not necessary for intelligence, intelligence is necessary for guessing. And thus Gary's "explanation" fails.

k.e.. Posts: 5432 Joined: May 2007 (Permalink) Posted: Nov. 02 2015,18:54    Quote (MrIntelligentDesign @ Nov. 01 2015,14:05) Quote (NoName @ Oct. 31 2015,19:51)   Quote (GaryGaulin @ Oct. 31 2015,20:47)   Quote (Doc Bill @ Oct. 31 2015,14:42) Happy Anniversary, Gary! This thread started appropriately on Halloween, 2012.  After 519 pages, 15 thousand comments and over a half-million page views, you are no closer to explaining your "theory" than when you began. That must be some kind of record.  I wonder if Guinness is interested? I don't think that Guinness has a category for the creepiest forum on the internet, but you could suggest they make one for you. The creepiness quotient will go way down once you stop hanging out here. And the intelligence quotient will go way up, despite Edgar's "contributions". You have no clue on intelligence!! YOU ARE FUNNY!!! TARD FIGHT -------------- "I get a strong breeze from my monitor every time k.e. puts on his clown DaveTard suit" dogdidit "ID is deader than Lenny Flanks granmaws dildo batteries" Erasmus "I'm busy studying scientist level science papers" Galloping Gary Gaulin

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