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  Topic: On the evolution of altruism and empathy:, Why Francis Collins is wrong.< Next Oldest | Next Newest >  
Ichthyic



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Joined: May 2006

(Permalink) Posted: Oct. 31 2006,18:42   

Francis Collins thinks that morality and empathy, including altruism, are traits that distinguish humans from other animals.

I wonder what Collins thinks of the results of this kind of work:

http://www.sci-tech-today.com/story.xhtml?story_…

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According to Reiss, the research, published in this week’s issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, shows that elephants share high-order behaviors with humans, even though we’ve evolved along different paths.

Among those traits is empathy, or the capacity to distinguish others’ emotions, which in turn is tied to the capacity to distinguish oneself from others.

“This is true for great apes, dolphins, and elephants,” said Reiss. “They have large, complex brains, complex social organization, and they show these social traits of altruism and empathy, which really involve care-giving and helping behavior.”


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Stephen Elliott



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(Permalink) Posted: Oct. 31 2006,19:43   

I take it this has something to do with this article?

Pretty interesting stuff. But not really that surprising to me. I recal a BBC nature programme from some years back. They had followed a small herd for over a year. Their (the elephants) actions on the death of a herd member was moving.

  
Louis



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Joined: Jan. 2006

(Permalink) Posted: Oct. 31 2006,20:45   

I've always found this an interesting topic: what makes humans different fromother animals.

The answer as far as I can tell is not much. I can't think of one attribute that humans have that is QUALITATIVELY different from an identical or analogous trait found in animals. Obviously many of our attributes are QUANTITATIVELY different.

There are several problems that this topic always brings up. Firstly, I'm not expecting animals to demonstrate "humanlike" traits, they are different species. If, for example, jokes are different between different cultures, shouldn't we expect that chimp humour is different from human humour. Maybe we're telling chimps the wrong jokes!

Secondly, it seems that people are desperate to draw arbitrary lines (analogous to racism, sexism etc) to maintain some falsely dichotomous group identity. A "them and us" mentality. Obviously such groupings and dichotomies have uses, but we often forget how arbitrary they are. A great example of this behaviour is the abortion debate: a human foetus becomes human on this date etc.

Another problem is the whole issue of stigmatisation. Someone who behaves like an animal is lesser, worse than human. Obviously this plays into the drawing of arbitrary lines, but it also clouds the issue in other ways. Despots the world over have tried to define their enemies as sub-human, as if this very animality permits the atrocities that follow.

I am not a biologist, nor do I play one on television, but I do have a biological slant to my work and interests. I'd love to hear from more experienced biological scientists on this. To the best of my knowledge no QUALITATIVE difference has been found between humans and other animals. Skinner box experiments show animals can be superstitious. Research on apes have shown that they can recognise themselves (as can elephants. Woooohooo), use tools and language, etc etc etc.

Cheers

Louis

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mcc



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(Permalink) Posted: Oct. 31 2006,21:07   

Quote (Louis @ Nov. 01 2006,02:45)
I can't think of one attribute that humans have that is QUALITATIVELY different from an identical or analogous trait found in animals.

Pizza delivery.

You're not going to find that in nature, I tell you what.

  
Russell



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Joined: April 2005

(Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2006,01:14   

Quote
...it seems that people are desperate to draw arbitrary lines (analogous to racism, sexism etc) to maintain some falsely dichotomous group identity. A "them and us" mentality. Obviously such groupings and dichotomies have uses, but we often forget how arbitrary they are. A great example of this behaviour is the abortion debate: a human foetus becomes human on this date etc.
I see it exactly the same way. We humans are so much better at cultural transmission of information (the whole talking/reading/writing/telecomputing thing) that this quantitative distinction has become essentially qualitative. And, whatever your position on abortion, for purely practical reasons society has to draw some artificial line somewhere such that on the early side it's no one's business but the parents', but on the later side it's a matter of public concern (whether it's gametes, zygotes, feti(?) or toddlers).   I suspect a need to feel such artificial lines are not artificial is at the bottom of fundamentalism, broadly defined.

Same deal with respect to human rights/animal rights. It's interesting to imagine how fundies would accommodate the discovery somewhere of an extant population of Neanderthals, or Homo erectus.

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Louis



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(Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2006,02:38   

Russell,

Oh yes I agree that arbitrary lines have to be drawn somewhere. The difference is not in where one draws the line, but how one draws the line.

These arbitrary lines should be pencilled in, pending further data (on pretty much any subject) rather than concreted in and surrounded by guards, dogs, gun turrets and barbed wire.

Like the abortion example, yes there has to be a line for legal purposes, and yes that line should be open to revision on the basis of the data. It may be there is a hard developmental line beyond which abortion is the only option as the foetus won't survive no matter what we do, but I doubt it. What amuses me about the abortion issue is that it's "debated" on entirely the wrong facet. Abortions happen. End of story. They happened when they were illegal, they happen now they are legal. The only issue is whether you want them happening in as safe and controlled a manner as possible, or in a back street "clinic" where no government control is possible. The rights of the woman vs the rights of the foetus is specious bullshit argued over by the religious wing. They've shifted the debate into an obscure area to try to cloud the issue and acheive their results by the back door.

This ties into the same thing we are talking about on the ID is dead thread. PZ is right when he idenitifies the megachurch phenomenon and surrounding social aspects as the underlying mycelium of the fungus that is antiscience. The toadstools that pop up: ID, "scientific creationism", the abortion issue, even party politics are easily picked, but it's going to take one #### of a fungicide to  hit the thing from whence these toadstools spring.

Obviously this is the same thing that infects the comparison of humans and other animals. Some people wish to draw hard lines, not pencil lines, for whatever reason. Perhaps you're right, perhaps we've moved so far along the information transfer route that it's like a "speciation" event, but I honestly doubt it. Granted we are apparently at one end of a broad spectrum, but it's still a spectrum. We don't have many near neighbours in terms of the volume of data transferred, but are we really so different in out individual ability to transfer information? After all, we do stand on the shoulders of giants to see as far as we currently do, individual humans can't transfer vastly more information than individual chimps, what we HAVE evolved is systems that remain longer than one human life. These systems survive and are tools adopted and adapted by other humans.

Anyway, just a thought.

Louis

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Russell



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(Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2006,03:25   

Quote
Perhaps you're right, perhaps we've moved so far along the information transfer route that it's like a "speciation" event, but I honestly doubt it. Granted we are apparently at one end of a broad spectrum, but it's still a spectrum.
Just in case I wasn't clear, I see it exactly the same way.

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skeptic



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(Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2006,05:02   

Try appling imagination or abstract thought to animal behavior.  There's no way to measure or observe it and I believe that therein rests the single greatest, maybe the only, different trait between man and animal.  Now whether or not you think that animals display this trait or it is a purely human characteristic depends upon your prior bias concerning the uniqueness of mankind.  We always end up at this same point, it seems, but regardless it seems unfounded to say that Collins is wrong.  We arrive again at a question with no answer.

  
Russell



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(Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2006,06:41   

Quote
We always end up at this same point, it seems, but regardless it seems unfounded to say that Collins is wrong.  We arrive again at a question with no answer.
Especially if we're really vague about what question we're asking.

Let's try that again: "it seems unfounded to say that Collins is wrong when he writes..."

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skeptic



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(Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2006,06:50   

The tag line on the thread "Why Francis Collins is wrong"

  
Russell



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Joined: April 2005

(Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2006,08:46   

Still not very helpful. You might have taken one small step toward defining the question by quoting Ichthyic's opening remark:
Quote
Francis Collins thinks that morality and empathy, including altruism, are traits that distinguish humans from other animals.
but until we define, say, "empathy" in a way that excludes elephants, or - remember the gorilla that rescued the human child that fell into its enclosure in a zoo? - and, of course, "altruism" is discussed frequently these days in connection with ants and bees... we're not going to get very far, are we?

Quote
Try appling imagination or abstract thought to animal behavior.  There's no way to measure or observe it and I believe that therein rests the single greatest, maybe the only, different trait between man and animal.
I don't know about "measuring it" - either in cats or humans - but I contend that a cat has to use imagination in plotting any course of action, which they clearly do. I believe there's plenty of evidence of "abstract thought", too, if nowhere else then among cetaceans and among nonhuman primates.

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Stephen Elliott



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(Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2006,09:23   

Anyone in the UK reading this, there is a very good programme on BBC2 right now about elephants.

Can't stay as I want to watch the rest of it, it is very good so far though.

  
Ichthyic



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(Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2006,09:56   

Quote
Obviously such groupings and dichotomies have uses, but we often forget how arbitrary they are.


I think many people forget this is also true when we discuss taxonomy.

it's not like "species" or "family" were defined in nature beforehand.

we constructed useful dichotomies to aid in studying nature.

it sounds simplistic, but many times the whole creationist notion of micro vs macro evolution (which has nothing to do with the actual definitions, of course), seems to hinge on a misunderstanding of the role of classification systems to begin with.

kind of a tangent to the topic of discussion here, but it struck me nonetheless.

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Stephen Elliott



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(Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2006,10:00   

Well this programme turned out to be amazing.

Fifteen years to make it, viewing like this makes me happy to pay the licence fee. Some of the scenes were gobsmacking.

  
Ichthyic



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(Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2006,10:07   

maybe it would help skeptic to have read Collins' latest book, which contains all of his proclamations?

or, you could check here for another analysis of Collins' concepts of altruism and morality:

http://www.talkreason.org/articles/Theistic.cfm

I merely assumed most here knew what I was referring to, since Collins hasn't exactly been thrifty wrt to espousing his views on the subject of late.

otherwise, i would have assumed that skeptic merely read the opening tagline and then proceeded posting nonsense for no reason.

Quote
There's no way to measure or observe it and I believe that therein rests the single greatest, maybe the only, different trait between man and animal.


huh?  if there is no way to measure or observe it (how would you know?), then how do you conclude that this signifies the difference between humans and animals?

ye gods, yo do say the most outlandish crap.

Quote
You're not going to find that in nature, I tell you what.


that's why i so rarely go camping anymore.  

I tried to train a bear to fetch pizza from the nearest town for me once.  Bastard always thought the pizza was the reward.

treasure your pizza delivery folk, for they are precious and rare.

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Henry J



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(Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2006,10:32   

Maybe it was smarter than the average bear? :p

  
Ichthyic



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(Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2006,10:38   

well, when i first found him, he and a smaller bear were raiding picnic areas for food...

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Ichthyic



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Joined: May 2006

(Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2006,10:41   

Quote (Stephen Elliott @ Nov. 01 2006,16:00)
Well this programme turned out to be amazing.

Fifteen years to make it, viewing like this makes me happy to pay the licence fee. Some of the scenes were gobsmacking.

sounds interesting.

i tried to watch it, but the feed was less than ideal.  probably try again in a couple of days to see if the traffic dies down a bit.

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Henry J



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(Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2006,10:43   

Hmm. Sounds like ya might've made a Boo-Boo in trying to recruit that thar Bear... :p

  
Ichthyic



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(Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2006,10:46   

yeah, i should have thought twice about it when i noticed he was wearing a tie.

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skeptic



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(Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2006,11:48   

I haven't read Collins' book and I'm not sure that I will but I believe that my point has been made.  As I said, I believe that imagination and abstract thought separate man and beast; that's my personal bias.  Many here take the stance that there is no difference and offer evidence to explain away the differences; that's their personal bias.  You can not measure or observe imagination at work in the mind of a cat as it makes a jump or follows a path.  In fact, I can instruct a computer to find and analyze multiple paths and select the most appropriate.  I would assume no one here is ready to confer imagination upon a computer.

  
Ichthyic



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(Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2006,12:56   

Quote
Many here take the stance that there is no difference and offer evidence to explain away the differences; that's their personal bias.


if we offer direct evidence, it ain't personal bias now, is it?

talk about not grasping the concept.

there is literally NOTHING you have ever posted in ATBC that hasn't been based on personal bias, with essentially no, or complete misunderstanding of, the actual data and evidence involved in the topics you post on.

it's quite remarkable.

Quote
In fact, I can instruct a computer to find and analyze multiple paths and select the most appropriate.  I would assume no one here is ready to confer imagination upon a computer.


you've never even considered the converse, have you?  that your conceptualization of "imagination" might actually boil down to something as simple as probabilistic algorithms?

again, you are missing the point.  you say imagination is something we can't measure, then proceed to use it as a distinguishing characteristic.

can't you see how ridiculous that is?

guess not.

maybe someone else can give you an analogy that will help you see your error in logic.

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Russell



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(Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2006,13:20   

The gorilla incident I referred to earlier. A challenge, I daresay, for those who think that humans are somehow qualitatively different from our relatives in compassion/empathy/altruism/whatever-you-want-to-call-it.

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skeptic



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(Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2006,13:42   

If the "evidence" is nothing more than a humanistic interpretation of behavior then it is still nothing more than bias.  It amazes me, Ichy, how poor your comprehension skills are as you completely misunderstood nearly all of what I said.  Either that or you're just in too big a hurry to refute and insult that you don't actually bother to read.

  
Ichthyic



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(Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2006,13:52   

Quote
If the "evidence" is nothing more than a humanistic interpretation of behavior


right, so you use a subjective perception to argue against subjective perception.

why don't you go on and show us how the ape and elephant studies are using entirely subjective and unclear methods for their study, eh?

my (lack of) god, but you are a complete obliviot (oblivious idiot).

i compelety understood everything you posted.  If what you wanted to say isn't what you actually said, it ain't my fault.

why don't you just give up already?

or did you want to repeat yourself again?

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Ichthyic



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(Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2006,14:02   

oh, and obliviot, would you care to take up the other side of the behavior/morality issue?

that of studies indicating biological/biochemical abnormalities that cause individuals to "lose" aspects of specific behaviors associated with "morality"?

like those who suffer from narcissistic personality disorder who lose all sense of empathy.

there are literally hundreds of case examples in the literature.

the idea that morality and ethics are somehow not naturalistic is fast fading away under the mountains of evidence against it.

oh, but that's right, you're the one who came here convinced the ToE was all wrong.

LOL

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skeptic



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(Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2006,14:07   

Russell, I watched the film when it occurred and I was struck by how "natural" the behavior was not human.  It could explained in the same way as a product of instinct.  Are you trying to equate the behavior that we judge to be "good" was actually done with the goal of being "good"?  No matter how much we want to confer value upon these actions they are still our values that we use as the measuring stick.  

and Ichy, I'll try this real slow for you, it is all subjective and that was my point.  We see what we want to see based upon our initial bias.  Until animals start speaking there is no evidence that bridges that gap.

  
Ichthyic



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(Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2006,14:19   

Quote
and Ichy, I'll try this real slow for you, it is all subjective and that was my point.


where in my responses did you come to the conclusion that i didn't grasp you thought it was all subjective?

in fact, that was the very thing i pointed out to you as being ridiculous.

i'll put this in all caps for your poor, addled little brain:

IT ISN'T ALL SUBJECTIVE.

in fact you merely use a subjective argument to argue what you perceive as subjective.

gees, i don't think I've ever seen someone quite as dense as yourself.

you are presenting a subjective argument to argue in favor of the subjectivity of the research in general.

you need to provide direct evidence that the experimental methods used were subjective, just saying it's subjective over and over again doesn't make it so.

you do the exact same thing in your thread on the ToE; you present entirely subjective arguments to support your contentions, and entirely ignore the reality of the data and research that is already out there.

hence, I hereby forever term you "Obliviot".

now take your subjective perceptions and beat it, or come up with a logical argument that shows us how all of the studies on animal behavior testing cognition and awareness are all "subjective".

really, you actually have YET to make a point.

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Russell



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(Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2006,15:21   

Quote
I watched the film when it occurred and I was struck by how "natural" the behavior was not human. It could explained in the same way as a product of instinct.
? not sure what this means. Is there a typo in there, the correction of which would render that sensible?

Quote
Are you trying to equate the behavior that we judge to be "good" was actually done with the goal of being "good"?  
Good grief, no! Did I somehow give that impression?

I don't pretend to know what was going through Binti Jua's mind at the time, but my first guess is that it's something like the feeling that I experience when I see an animal in distress: empathy, I guess.

What's your guess?

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J. G. Cox



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(Permalink) Posted: Nov. 01 2006,16:50   

Let me begin with a caveat: I have not read Francis Collins' book. What other people have written seems to indicate that his thesis rests on the point that morality cannot be produced via evolution. This would merely reveal that Collins is ignorant of an active portion of the ecology and evolution literature. We are actually starting to get a decent idea about what conditions are required for the evolution of altruism or reciprocity, and the general assumptions of the models tend to match pretty well with the ecological realities of species that exhibit such behaviors. Most behaviorists who work with species with stable social groups can describe learned rules of behavior idiosyncratic to their study species (or population).
 I certainly wouldn't condemn such ignorance, considering that such subjects are not Collins' field. However, he shouldn't be writing a book about it. I'm guessing, however, that Collins is not a dog owner. Anyone who has had a pet dog can tell you that animals can feel guilt.

  
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